Soalan + Jawapan

LATIHAN 6  (CERPEN HIPERTENSI)

Baca petikan cerpen di bawah dengan teliti, kemudian jawab soalan-soalan yang berikutnya dengan menggunakan ayat anda sendiri.

Paul Broca, pakar anatomi dan pakar antropologi berbangsa Perancis.  Kucintai penemuan tahun 1861 itu, fungsi otak manusia bergantung pada bahagian yang membina otak itu sendiri.

Broca memeriksa pesakit gagap melalui pendekatan rawatan khusus dan terapi.  Perkara yang lebih penting, layanan mesra berpaksikan pendekatan humanis melalui teknologi dan sahsiah rupa diri.  Dia hanya dapat mengucapkan satu suku kata, biarpun dia faham penuh akan pertuturan yang dilafazkan.  Akhirnya, dia fasih berbicara.

Keadaan diriku lebih baik, fikir Aiman.  Situasi pertuturanku tidak segagap itu.  Aku dapat bertutur, biarpun mulutku ternganga lebar dahulu sebelum lahir diksi yang berisi.  Babah barangkali tidak tahu akan penemuan Broca.  Babah lebih dekat pada kejuruteraan makanikal.  Ibu juga saintis, tetapi lebih pada bidang geologi.

Aiman teringat akan bisikan halus yang didengarinya ketika dia dalam keterasingan di planet bulan melalui pentas halusinasinya.  Suara ghaib itu mengajaknya agar lebih mendekatkan diri kepada Ilahi.  Jangan kaubinasakan habitat semula jadi  di planet bumi.  Salahnya barangkali, dia menganggap pucuk kelapa muda sebagai kapal Soyuz, yang menghantuinya sekian lama.  Aiman tidak perlu latihan yang intensif dan istimewa itu, babah;tidak perlu akan latihan terapi itu, ibu.  Aiman akan mengusahakannya sendiri.

(Dipetik daripada cerpen “Hipertensi” dalam antologi

Sejadah Rindu, Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd.)

(i)    Mengapakah Aiman merasakan nasibnya lebih baik berbanding dengan Paul Broca?                                                                                  [2 markah]

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(ii)             Pada pendapat anda, apakah kelebihan yang dapat diperoleh Aiman melalui

latihan intensif dan latihan terapi yang dijalaninya?  Nyatakan tiga kelebihan tersebut.                                                                                  [3 markah]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(iii)           Huraikan  satu  perwatakan Aiman yang terdapat dalam petikan di atas dan

satu perwatakan Aiman yang terdapat dalam keseluruhan cerpen.                                                                                                                      [4 markah]

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

JAWAPAN LATIHAN 6  (CERPEN HIPERTENSI)

(i)                    Mengapakah Aiman meraskan nasibnya lebih baik berbanding dengan Paul

Broca?

[2 markah]

–        Situasi pertuturan Aiman tidak segagap Paul Broca

(ii)                    Pada pendapat anda, apakah kelebihan yang dapat diperoleh Aiman melalui

latihan intensif dan latihan terapi yang dijalaninya?  Nyatakan tiga kelebihan tersebut.                                                                                   [3 markah]

–        Mempercepat proses pemulihan rawatan percakapan

–        Menambahkan keyakinan diri untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang lain

–        Menggunakan kaedah rawatan dan pemulihan yang betul dan diiktiraf

(iii)                    Huraikan satu perwatakan Aiman yang terdapat dalam petikan di atas dan

satu perwatakan Aiman yang terdapat dalam keseluruhan cerpen.                                                                                                                       [4 markah]

–        Dalam Petikan – seorang yang bersyukur (Aiman bersyukur kerana pertuturannya yang gagap lebih baik berbanding Paul Broca)

–        Keseluruhan cerpen – seorang yang bercita-cita tinggi (Aiman ingin menjadi seorang angkasawan)

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Plot

Novel Sing to the Dawn : Plot

– Dawan and Kwai sit on the old bridge above the river and watch the sunrise. There is an easy companionship between the two siblings.

– Dawan asks Kwai what he would do if he won the scholarship. He mentions the things he would do, the changes he would bring to the village.

– When Kwai suggests that Dawan might win the scholarship, she says that won’t happen. She is sure that she would not get the scholarship because she is a girl.

– In class the teacher asks the students what they saw beneath their houses that morning. The students mention the sacks of rice that are stacked up beneath the house. They are for the tax collector but the students feel that the system is unfair. The poor villagers work but others benefit and rob them of their rights. The students discuss the need to change these bad and harmful systems that are entrenched in the villages.

– A student spotted the headmaster heading to their class and the student shouted ‘he’s coming.’

– The teacher and the students immediately pretend that they are having Geography lessons until the headmaster goes away

– Then the teacher and students discuss what they should do if they won the scholarship.

– The teacher asks Dawan what she would do to help the villagers.

– She is surprised at the question but she refuses to answer it. Instead, she asks him who won the scholarship. He tells her that she did.

– The classmates surround Dawan as soon as they hear that she has won the scholarship. They are pleased for her but Kwai is not among them.

– Kwai is unhappy and sad that Dawan won the scholarship instead of him.

– Dawan tellls her family that she has won the scholarship. Her father is displeased as he feels that Kwai should have won it. He is especially angry that she took her own brother’s chance away from him.

– Dawan’s grandmother is supportive and says that she is proud of her. Her mother says that the grandmother should not encourage Dawan too much as her father will not allow her to go. That may lead to greater disappointment.

– Dawan and her grandmother head to Cousin Noi’s house and but halfway, Dawan’s mother decides to go with Dawan instead of the grandmother.

– Noi describes how difficult life in the city is. She advises Dawan not to go to the city.

– In the meantime, an army officer comes to Noi’s house. Noi and her husband, Ghan, has made a deal with him so that he will allow Ghan not to join the army. For that they have to pay him a lot of money. It is another burden the family has to live with.

– Dawan and her mother find out that life in the city is difficult. Children work to be able to survive there. Older children hold all kinds of jobs just to manage their lives in the city.

– Dawan says that she hopes to change things if she gets a chance.

– But Noi tells her that the city will do more harm than good. Dawan realises that Noi and Ghan do not support her move to the city. 

–  Kwai  finds  out  from  his  teacher  that  he  came  in second  in  the  examination.  He  now  knows  that  if

Dawan does not go to the city, he can get to go. He believes that as a man he can do more for the people. Dawan is only a girl and will not be able to do the many things that he can do. She assures him that she can make this world a better place for the rest of the people.

– Dawan’s father says that if Kwai had won the scholarship, he would have allowed him to go.

– Dawan wants to fight for her right to study but realises that she needs more support. Thus she decides to talk to a monk to help her persuade her father to let her go to the city.

– Dawan goes to the marketplace alone and meets a girl who is selling lotus buds and caged sparrows. Dawan realises that the girl, Bao, is the sister of her classmate, Vichai. They have an interesting conversation.

– Dawan goes to see the old monk in the temple. He has already heard of her and her scholarship as he and Dawan’s teacher are good friends. However, he thinks that she need not go to the city school. He thinks that she should be satisfied with what she has and not crave for more. Dawan disagrees.

– Dawan is hurt and she goes to the market place and sits there, tired and frustrated. She sees Bao again and she lends a sympathetic ear to Dawan. Bao tells her to ignore the monk and to think of what she can do next. She has rather progressive views and advises Dawan to free herself from the bonds at home and to achieve her dreams. She allows Dawan to free a bird for free.

– Just then Vichai, her brother arrives, and is aggressive towards Bao. He notices that she has not collected money for the birds that have been freed and hits her. Dawan steps in to prevent further abuse. Kwai comes there and restrains Vichai. Bao thanks him and then scolds him for not being nice to his own sister. He is shocked at her reaction and in the scuffle that follows, pushes Dawan who gets a bad cut on her ankle. He tries to tend to her bleeding leg but Dawan scolds him for trying to take the scholarship from her.

–  Cousin Noi appears and helps Dawan with her wound.

– Dawan goes to the riverside and finds Kwai there. He remembers vividly that she had called him a bully. They both talk and some of the tension between them eases. Kwai makes a decision and the two of them share an umbrella home.

– Dawan’s father talks to Kwai and Dawan together and reluctantly allows Dawan to go to the city school.

– Kwai knows that once Dawan goes to the city school, no one will be there to watch the sunrise with him.

– Dawan too has some doubts. She knows that if she leaves, she will miss everything in her village. Her grandmother convinces her to go finally.

– As she is boarding the bus to go to the city, Dawan looks everywhere for Kwai but he was nowhere to be seen. At last she sees him standing on the bridge and bidding her goodbye.

Themes

Novel Sing to the Dawn : Themes

• Gender inequality

Girls are not given equal opportunity to study and further their ambitions. They must stay at home and raise their families. Tertiary education is wasted on them as they get married and look after their husbands and children finally. Noi stays at home to be with her family. To break that mindset is not easy as men like Dawan’s father wish to maintain that status quo. Dawan thinks she will bring about that change but it will be a tough journey. Not to give women the right to education and to deprive them of the opportunity to advance and explore their abilities and their talents is a social injustice. It must be corrected everywhere. 

• The importance of education

In this rural setting education cannot be taken for granted. Winning a scholarship is just about the only way to break the vicious cycle of poverty. Both siblings want that scholarship and it is very awkward that Dawan the girl gets the first place while her brother is placed second. Dawan has to convince just about everyone that she deserves to go to the city school. Her grandmother sees the importance of education and is willing to get help for her sake. Strangely it is Bao who is Dawan’s strong supporting force because she makes Kwai think and act rationally. Education will bring change to Dawan and to the family and, through her, the village.

• The family unit is a stable force

– The children respect their elders and obey them generally. Dawan wants her father to give permission for her to accept the scholarship. She is hardly rebellious. She also wants her brother to be happy for her and that he is not hurts her greatly.

– There is much gentleness in the relationship the siblings share. Dawan leaves the umbrella for him as she does not want him to get wet and sick. When they share the umbrella home, it is a special moment of reconciliation and renewal of their affection. They watch the sunrise together while Dawan sings to the dawn. It is very touching to know that Kwai feels that he will miss watching the sunrise with his sister.

– Her parents want the children to do well but the mother is afraid that Dawan will be disappointed if she can’t go to the city.

– The grandmother is still a force to be reckoned with as she takes the step to take Dawan to meet Noi. And in the end she is the one who convinces Dawan to accept the scholarship. When her father gives permission, it gives Dawan that thrust that she needs to go to the city. The family acts as a support for everyone is times of trouble. People survive their problems better when there is a strong family foundation behind them.

• Victimization/Abuse of power

– In the village, the poor people who work hard on their farms are victimized by the landowners who take the sacks of rice as their tax. There is very little chance of escape from this feudalistic system.

– Even the army officer takes money from Ghan so that he will not have to be enlisted in the army.

– It is the same in the city where the bosses take the hard-earned money of the workers.

– The grip of the big, powerful man on the poor worker is harsh and vicious.

– Vichai hits his sister when he finds that she has not taken money for freeing the birds. That is abuse at the family level. Victimization goes on at many different levels and only education or strong governmental action can break this evil cycle.

Tone and Mood

Novel Sing to the Dawn : Tone and Mood

The tone is gentle and thoughtful as Dawan cherishes her hope of winning the scholarship and leaving for the big city.

She has no intention of hurting her brother and the conflict that arises causes her pain. There is a touch of anticipation and nostalgia as she looks forward to the changes that will surely come while she knows she will miss her village and its people.

Nilai dan Pengajaran

Sajak Kijang yang Lelah : Nilai dan Pengajaran

Nilai

(a)   Ketabahan.

(b)   Kesungguhan.

(c)   Ketelitian.

(d)   Hemah tinggi.

(e)   Berwaspada.

.

Pengajaran

(a)   Kita mestilah tabah dalam menghadapi dugaan hidup.

(b)   Kita haruslah berusaha untuk mengubah kehidupan.

(c)   Kita hendaklah bertekad ketika melakukan sesuatu perkara.

(d)   Kita disarankan untuk mengamalkan sikap berhati-hati dalam melakukan sesuatu perkara.

(e)   Kita perlulah menggunakan kewarasan akal fikiran dalam membuat sebarang tindakan.

(f)    Kita mestilah reda terhadap ketentuan takdir.

Tema dan Persoalan

Sajak Kijang yang Lelah : Tema dan Persoalan

Tema

Keperitan hidup seekor kijang tua dalam mengharungi kehidupan.

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Persoalan

(a)   Ketabahan hidup dalam menghadapi masa tua.

(b)   Realiti kehidupan apabila kekuasaan semakin hilang ketika diri menginjak usia tua.

(c)   Sikap berhati-hati dalam menjalani kehidupan seharian.

(d)   Kekuatan fizikal dan mental amat penting untuk menghadapi cabaran hidup.

Maksud

Sajak Kijang yang Lelah : Maksud

Rangkap 1

Kehidupan seekor kijang tua yang berasakan dirinya tidak lagi diperlukan seperti zaman mudanya yang gagah dan berkuasa.

Rangkap 2

Ketika itu sang kijang berasa sangat sedih dan resah. Kekuatan dalamannya semakin hilang dan yang tinggal hanyalah harapan.

Rangkap 3

Namun hari ini, sang kijang cuba membina kekuatan untuk menghabiskan sisa-sisa hidupnya walaupun berasa serik dan tidak berdaya lagi setelah keinginannya terhalang.

Rangkap 4

Sang kijang tetap berhati-hati kerana takut tersadung akar dan terkena jerat manusia. Biarpun dalam keadaan yang lemah, sang kijang tetap meneruskan perjalanannya di dalam hutan tebal tersebut. Namun jauh di sudut hatinya, sang kijang telah menanam tekad untuk terus melangkah walaupun pelbagai halangan menantinya dengan menggunakan akal fikiran serta kewarasannya.

Maksud

Seloka Santap Istiadat : Maksud

Rangkap 1

Santap beradat merupakan istiadat santap raja di majlis kebesaran. Santap tersebut bertujuan untuk meraikan dan menghormati tetamu. Majlis santapan ini bukanlah sekadar untuk mengenyangkan perut tetapi merupakan majlis santapan yang mengajar si penjamu selera agar makan secara sopan dan mengikut tatacara yang tepat.

Rangkap 2

Berdasarkan tatacara dan ketertiban sewaktu makan, nasi hendaklah disuap menggunakan tangan kanan manakala lauk perlulah diangkat secara sopan. Ketika nasi sampai ke mulut hendaklah dikunyah dengan perlahan-lahan sebagai tanda tertib dan tidak gelojoh sewaktu makan. Setelah selesai makan nasi barulah diambil seteguk air minuman sebagai isyarat hormat dan beradab sopan ketika berada dalam majlis santapan itu.

Rangkap 3

Dalam aturan dan cara-cara makan dan minum, suapan nasinya bermula daripada suapan pertama hingga ketiga sahaja. Selepas itu, si penjamu selera perlu membasuh tangan, sebelum diikuti dengan menjamah juadah halwa dan memakan buah-buahan.

Rangkap 4

Cara-cara makan dan minum yang berikutnya ialah ketujuhnya, orang yang menjamu selera perlu berkumur-kumur untuk membersihkan mulut dan diakhiri dengan memakan sirih. Air sirih kelat yang masuk ke kerongkong si penjamu selera akan menambahkan seri pada wajah mereka.

Rangkap 5

Tatacara dan peraturan santapan ini merupakan majlis santap beradat kebesaran yang diajarkan oleh generasi terdahulu.

Nilai dan Pengajaran

Syair Burung Nuri : Nilai dan Pengajaran

Nilai

(a)   Kesedaran.

(b)   Merendah diri.

(c)   Rasional.

(d)   Hemah tinggi.

.

Pengajaran

(a)   Kita sepatutnya bersikap merendah diri .

(b)   Kita haruslah insaf akan kesalahan yang telah dilakukan.

(c)   Kita janganlah mementingkan percintaan dalam kehidupan.

(d)   Kita tidak boleh berputus asa.

(e)   Kita janganlah bertindak mengikut kata hati.

Sajak Tingkatan 1

Sajak Kunci Bahasa  : 

Gaya Bahasa dan Keindahan Bunyi

Bahasa Arab. Contoh: berwasilah; ukhuwah; ummah.

Repetisi. Contoh: Bahasa.

Asonansi. Contohnya, Bahasa bermaruah (perulangan vokal a).

Aliterasi. Contohnya, Bahasa berbuah (perulangan konsonan b).

.

Nilai

Berhati-hati.

Kebijaksanaan.

Perpaduan.

Berbudi bahasa.

Menghargai bahasa.

.

Pengajaran

Kita hendaklah berhati-hati dalam berkomunikasi.

Kita harus bijak menggunakan bahasa.

Kita harus memperkukuh perpaduan menerusi wahana bahasa.

Masyarakat hendaklah menggunakan bahasa yang sopan.

Pengguna bahasa harus menghargai bahasa.